Business Establishment • PT, PT Perorangan, CV, & PMA

Establishing a legitimate corporate legal entity in Indonesia is the essential prerequisite for acquiring professional licenses (SBU, SKK, Halal, ISO) and bidding on government and enterprise contracts. Governed by the Job Creation Law (UU Cipta Kerja) and Government Regulation PP No. 5/2021, business incorporation is now integrated with the Risk-Based Online Single Submission (OSS-RBA) system.

Permit Indonesia delivers comprehensive incorporation services: Notarial Deed drafting, Ministry of Law and Human Rights (AHU Kemenkumham) approval, Corporate Tax ID (NPWP Badan), KSWP tax status verification, and OSS-RBA Business Identification Number (NIB) issuance across all 38 provinces.

Indonesian Business Entity Comparison

Compare corporate structures to determine the optimal entity for your operations:

Entity Type Founders Capital Requirements Liability Protection Foreign Ownership Tender & SBU Scale
PT Biasa (Perseroan Terbatas) Min. 2 Shareholders (WNI / Badan Usaha) Capital determined by founders; min. 25% paid-up Limited to paid-up share capital Domestic only (100% Indonesian) Eligible for all scales: Small, Medium, Large SBU
PT Perorangan (Individual PT) 1 Individual (WNI ≥ 17 yrs old) Max. IDR 5 Billion (Micro / Small business tier) Limited liability (Separate legal entity) Strictly 100% WNI individual UMK projects, local direct procurement, retail
CV (Persekutuan Komanditer) Min. 2 Partners (Active & Silent) No legal minimum capital threshold Unlimited personal liability for Active Partner Strictly 100% Indonesian domestic Small tenders, supplier procurement, local trade
PT PMA (Foreign Investment) Min. 2 Shareholders (Foreign / Joint) Min. IDR 10 Billion paid-up capital Limited to share investment Up to 100% foreign (per Positive Investment List) Large-scale SBU, BUJKA, EPC, and multinational bids

Risk-Based Licensing (OSS-RBA) & KBLI Strategy

Under PP No. 5/2021, business licensing requirements depend on your 5-digit KBLI risk tier:

Low Risk (Risiko Rendah) Instant

NIB Serves as Full Operating License

Business activities with minimal public hazard (general trading, administrative consultancy). NIB is issued immediately and serves as the official operational permit without technical verification.

Medium-Low Risk Self-Declare

NIB + Standard Certificate

Requires NIB plus a standard certificate based on a formal statement of compliance (self-declaration) uploaded directly through the OSS portal.

Medium-High Risk Verified

NIB + Verified Standard Certificate

Requires technical verification and physical site inspection by the relevant technical ministry/agency (e.g. Dinas PUPR, Kemenhub, or Dinas Kesehatan) before commercial operations.

High Risk (Risiko Tinggi) Full License

NIB + Technical Operating Permits

Construction contractors, power plants, chemical manufacturing, and mining. Requires SBU, SKK/SKTTK, AMDAL/UKL-UPL, and full ministry approval before undertaking projects.

Step-by-Step Business Incorporation Workflow

From initial name booking to active commercial license:

1. Name Booking (AHU) Step 1

Submission of 3 chosen company names consisting of at least 3 Indonesian words to Kemenkumham for legal clearance and reservation.

2. Notarial Deed Signing Step 2

Drafting and formal execution of the Deed of Establishment (Akta Pendirian) before a certified Notary Public, outlining articles of association.

3. Ministry Legalization Step 3

Issuance of official SK Pengesahan Badan Hukum by the Minister of Law and Human Rights (Kemenkumham), granting official legal personality.

4. Tax ID & KSWP Step 4

Registration of Corporate Tax ID (NPWP Badan), Surat Keterangan Terdaftar (SKT Pajak), and activation of Taxpayer Confirmation Status (KSWP).

5. OSS NIB Issuance Step 5

Activation of the company's OSS-RBA account, KBLI registration, BPJS Ketenagakerjaan & Kesehatan integration, and issuance of active NIB.

Required Documents for Company Incorporation

  • Founders' Identity: Color copies of KTP (or Passport / KITAS for foreign nationals) of all Directors, Commissioners, and Shareholders.
  • Tax Identity: NPWP of all Indonesian directors, commissioners, and shareholders with valid tax filing status.
  • Company Name Options: 3 candidate names consisting of min. 3 words in standard Indonesian (for domestic PT).
  • Domicile & Virtual Office Proof: Office lease agreement, PBB tax receipt, building permit, or Virtual Office service contract.
  • Line of Business (KBLI Scope): Selected 5-digit business classifications matching intended operations and licensing roadmaps.
  • Capital & Share Allocation: Stated authorized, subscribed, and paid-up capital distribution among shareholders.

Frequently Asked Questions on Business Establishment

Berapa lama proses pendirian PT hingga NIB OSS-RBA terbit?
Dengan dokumen lengkap, proses pendirian PT memakan waktu sekitar 3 hingga 5 hari kerja. Ini mencakup pengecekan dan pemesanan nama di Kemenkumham, penandatanganan Akta Notaris, penerbitan SK AHU Kemenkumham, NPWP Badan, dan penerbitan NIB melalui sistem OSS-RBA.
Bolehkah mendirikan PT menggunakan alamat Virtual Office?
Boleh. Penggunaan Virtual Office diizinkan secara resmi oleh pemerintah daerah (seperti Perda DKI Jakarta) untuk perusahaan berbadan hukum PT maupun CV, sepanjang penyedia Virtual Office berizin resmi dan berada di zonasi komersial/perkantoran. Ini sangat menghemat biaya operasional awal Anda.
Apa perbedaan utama antara PT Biasa dan PT Perorangan?
PT Biasa mensyaratkan minimal 2 orang pendiri/pemegang saham, memiliki organ Direktur dan Komisaris, serta memerlukan Akta Notaris dan SK AHU. Sedangkan PT Perorangan didirikan oleh 1 orang WNI untuk kategori Usaha Mikro dan Kecil (UMK) dengan modal maksimal Rp 5 Miliar, didaftarkan langsung ke Kemenkumham tanpa akta notaris.
Bagaimana aturan kepemilikan saham asing untuk PT PMA?
Berdasarkan Perpres No. 10/2021 jo. Perpres No. 49/2021 (Daftar Positif Investasi), kepemilikan saham asing untuk sebagian besar sektor usaha kini dapat mencapai 100%, kecuali bidang usaha yang dialokasikan khusus untuk Koperasi/UMK atau memiliki pembatasan modal tertentu. Nilai investasi minimum PT PMA adalah > Rp 10 Miliar di luar tanah dan bangunan.

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